Art of cooling substances



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P. D. PAULS ART OF COOLING SUBSTANCES '4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fuga Feb. 17, 1922 N, N Br- NN. WN

pa, 30, 1924. n

' P. D. PAULS ART OF COOLING SUBSTANCES Filed Feb, 17, 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Lw-w 4 Shees-Sheet 5 P. D. PAULS ART OF. COOLING SUBSTANCES Filed Feb. 17 1922 m. Litt, n, n, 4

Sept 3@ 1924.

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Sept 30 1924.

P. D. PAULS ART oF COOLING sUBsTANcEs Filed Reb. 17 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Sept.. 3G, 192%.

entre stares asian@ PETER JD. IPA'ULS, 0F MAYWOD, ILLINOIS.

ART or cooLrNc sossrnncns. l

application mea February 1v, ieee. serial no. aeree?.

To all whom t may concern.'

Cil

uat'

Be it known that I, PETER D. PAULs, a citizen of the IUnited States, residing at Maywood, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement; in the Art of Cooling Sub-I s tances, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates generally to cooling apparatus for cooling, more particularly, air, though it may be used for cooling other substances, it having been devised, more particularly, though not exclusively, for use in vthe cooling of the air in buildings such as residences, churches, schools, ,and factories, either tion thereof. My primary objects are to provide a coolmg apparatus which shall be of novel, simple and economical construction and economical to operate, and which shall operate in a highly eiiicientmanner to perform its function; to provide for the cooling of the substance to be cooled by utilizing the cooling eiiect of evaporating moisture, and in this connection to provide for the evaporating of the moisture by subjecting it to a iiowing gaseous substance, such as, and by preference, air, and to utilize to the maximum degree the refrigerative eect of the gaseous substance after it has served the purpose .of evaporating the moisture; to provide for the humidi'fying of the substance to becooled, and regulation of the degree of ln'imidification; to provide for the accomplishment of the above-recited objects in the cooling of air for rooms; to provide, 1n the cooling of air as stated, for the detheatres, stores with or without ventilasired ventilatlon of the rooms by introducing .fthe admission of fresh into the latter'the desired amount of fresh outside air, andthe moistenin of the air to the desired degree, either wit or without air, and to cleanse the air of dust.

'My invention having been devised for use,

Ij'more particularly,asnabove stated, in the cooling and Ventilating of rooms,

'rooms of residences, etc., I have as intending to limit it i section of a coolin shown in elevation,

invention, certain o stub tubes 22 open .opening at thelr'lower ends through the top- 11e at the line 1-1 onFig. 2, and viewed in the direction of the 4arrows. Figure 2 is a plan sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. 1 with certain parts not sectioned, the section being taken at the line'2-2 on Fig. 1 and viewed in 'the direction of the arrows. Figure 3 is a broken section taken at the line 3-3 on Fig. 2 and viewed in the direction of the arrows. Figure 4 is a section taken at the'line 4-4 on Fig-2 and viewed in the direction of the arrows. Figure 5 is an enlarged broken vertical section at one of the ytubes through which the air to be cooled passes and in which it is cooled, the section being taken at the line 5 5 on Fig. 1 and viewed in the direction 'of the arrows. Figure 6 is a broken section taken at the line 6 on Fig. 2 and viewed in the direction of the arrows. Figure 7 is a broken section taken at the line 7 on Fig. 2 and viewed in the direction 'of the arrow. Figure 8 is a face view of a blower forming a part of the. structure of Figs. 1 and 2; and Figure 9, a view in vertical elevation, with certain parts in section, of a cooling and Ventilating system for a rOOm of a building involving my invention and of which the apparatus shown in the preceding figures is a part.

Referring first to the. cooling element dctailed in Figs. 1 to 8 inclusive, this element comprises a shell, or drum, 10 having restricted inlet and Cbutlet openings 11 and .12, respectively, at its opposite ends, to which pipes'l and 14, respectively, are connected, the upper portion of the shell being provided witha water-receiving receptacle 15 formed of the top wall 16 of the shell, upwardly-extending side and end walls 17 and 18, respectively, one side wall only belng shown, and the upwardly-extending stubtubes hereinafter described. The lower wall is provided at intervals with upwardlyextending stub-tubes 20which are open at opposite ends and open at their lower ends through the bottom-wall 19, these stub-tubes being arranged in rows, with the tubes of. adjacent rows staggered as shown 1n Fig. 2.

Te escopiiig with the upper ends ofthe stubtubes 20 are upwardly-extending tubes 21 located in the shell 10 and extending at their upper 'ends through upwardly-extending '1f at their opposlte ends a wall-16 of the shell, the tubes 22 being arranged as explained. of the stub-tubes 20 so that the stub-tubes 22 .will vertically aline.`

' apparatus, t ese I neans comprising'y y zo'ntal serles of pipes 29 arrange -50 tained in the receptacle 15. `r .j'The apparatus shown also` comprises `with the stub-tubes 20, the tubes 22 extending upwardly into the receptacle 15 and being of such diameter that an annular space 23 will be presented between each tube 21 and the stub-tube 22 extending through it. Preferably, and in accordance with the particular illustrated embodiment of my invention, the ytubes 21 are surrounded by tubular sheathings 24 of moisture-absorbing material,l such as felt, which extend upwardly through the spaces 23 and fit the tubes 21. as snugly as practicably possible, and are turned outwardly over the upper edges of pending portions 25 which extend into water .provided in the receptacle 15 as hereinafterdescribedfor thel purpose of maintaining the sheathings 24 in moistened condition, the

sheathings` operating. as wicks to absorb water from the receptacle 15 and by capillary attraction disseminate it throughout their extents. vThere is thus provided a' series of conduits for the passage therethrough of the air to be cooled, which extend through the shell and present a media for exposing moisture to the flow of air supplied to the shell 10 and passed therethrough, whereby the air in passing through the conduits is cooled by the absorption of heat therefrom in the evaporating of the moisture. A

blower 26 is shown as located adjacent the outlet 12 for effecting the desired flow of air through the shell 10.

The means shown for maintaining a supply of water in the rece tacle 15 comprise a pipe 27- which leads rom any desirable source` of water under pressure and opens into the receptacle 15, wherein its outlet is provided with a neat-controlled valve 28 of 'any desirable construction, whereby water to` a level, as indicated by the dotted line 129, and extendin above the lowerends of the portions 25v o the shea'things,y isvmainmeans for quickly saturating the sheathings 24 in the be inning of the operation of the 4a horiparallelwith each other and extending crosswise of 'the shell 12 and alternating'with the several rows of pipes 21, these ipes 29 containing perforations 30 in t eir sides. 'The pipes 29 at one side of the shell 10A are jour.- naled at their open extremities inl openings 31 `in the wall of a pipe 32 in the shell and extending lengthwise thereofand supported -on brackets 33 secured to the inner surface of the shell-wall, these ends of the pipes 29 being lprovided with arms 34 extending' at an angle thereto and ivoted attheir upper ends, `as represented .atv35, to a horizontal bar 36 which extends at one end through an end wall of the shell 10 fat which it is pivotvsus ally connected, as represented at 37, to a link 38 pivoted, atL 39 to an operating lever 40 pivoted at 41 on the pipe 14, the connection of the link 38 with the lever 40- bein between the ends of the latter. The en s of the pipes 29 at the opposite side of the shell 10' 70 are closed and journaled in openings in a horizontally extending bar 42 supported by brackets 43 securedto the inner surface of this side' of the shell 10, the pipes 2 9, beingheld against lengthwise movement in either direction by the arms.34 at one end thereof and by collars 2 9a provided at the opposite .l end.- 'the stub-tubes 22 as shown to present the dey It'will be understood from the foregoing that by means vof the lever 4() the pipes 29 80 may be rocked on their journals `in both di'.-

krections, thereby sprayingupon the sheathings throughout their height, water sup-V plied through the pipe 32 from any suitable source, to thoroughly saturatethe sheathings, and after the latter are moistened as stated the supply of moisture to the sheathings 4is effected-by absorption of water from the receptacle 15. In the use particularly of' hard water, the continued evaporation thereof on the sheathings 24 results in the deposition thereinlcf salts in the water which, if

not removed, results in impairingthe sheathings for the most effective functioning, and, to provide for the ready removal of the deposited salts Iprovide for washing them away, the means'shown for this purpose A comprising a pipe 44, having ay manuallyoperated valve 45, leading from any suitable "source of water supply, the inner end of this pipe opening into the receptacle 1'5 and being equipped with a float-controlled valve 46, thevalve 46 being so disposed that when water is supplied to the pipe 44 it will Apermit water to flow into the receptacle ,iup to a level above'the tops of the tubes 22 and the sheathings 24 but below the upper ex-` tremities of the tubes 21. -When it is desired to flush the sheathings 24, the valve 45is opened and a" head of water thus applied 1'10 to the sheathings24` which operates to wash y out of the latter the deposited salts referred to, `the water draining .from the shell 10 through the outlet pipe 47. i

Referring to the arrangement shown in Eig. 9 and in which thefcooling element'described is incorporated: a'room to be cooled- .and ventilated is represented at 48, it being shown as provided-.with an inlet 49 and an outlet 50 forair, connected respectivelyv with 120 air-'ducts 51 and 52. The air-duct 51,/which has a fan 53y interposed therein, connects with a chamber'54 into `'which the v.lower 'ends of the stub-tubes20open, the' duct 52 communicating between its ends with a pipe 125 55, having a damper56, and opening into, the top-ref' a chamber 57 surmounting a shell; 58havingan inlet1r59; and an outlet 60 and containing abank `of cross-pipes 61 out lof communication with the interior'. of the shell 130' i Yasmeen 58 and opening at their upper ends into the chamber 57 and at their lower ends into the receptacle 15 which latter is otherwise closed at its upper end, the chamber containing any suitable construction of air-screening means as for example those shown and comprising a diaphragm 62 of fabric disposed about supporting rods 63 to extend in zigzag condition and through which the air in passing downwardly through the chamber 57 is obliged to pass. The lower end of the duct 52, which contains a damper 52, opens into a pipe 64 one end of which terminatesin a chamber 64 open to the atmosphere and containing airscreening means represented at 65 shown as of the same construction as the air-screening means 'in the'chamber 57, and the other end of which Iopens into a chamber 66 communicating with a bank of pipes 67 located in a shell 68 and opening at their lower ends into a chamber 68l1 com'` municating with the pipe 13, the interiors of the pipes 67 being out of communication with the shell 68 and the latter having an inlet 69 communicating with the pipe 60 and an outlet 70 communicating with a pipe 71. The pipe 14 communicates with the inlet 59 of the shell 58, this pipe also connecting, by a pipe 72, with the pipe 51 between the fan 53 and the chamber 54, the pipe 72 containing a damper 72a. A pipe 73 opens at one end into the top of chamber 57 and at its opposite end' terminates in a chamber 74 which is open to the atmosphere and contains air-screening means represented at 75 and shown as of the same construction as those located in chamber 57, the pipe 73 caused to circulate containing a damper 73a.

In the operation ofthe described system, assuming that it is desired to cool the air for circulation throu h the room 48 without supplying fresh outslde air, the damper 73a is closed, and the air from the, room 48 is bythe fan 53, through-a closed course comprising the room 48, duct 52, chamber 57, pipes 21 and 20, chamber 54 and pipe 51. Air from the outside is caused, by the operation of the fan 26, to be drawn intothe pipe 64 through the chamber 64a, thence into the .chamber 66, through pipes 67, chamber 68, pipe 13 and shell 10, and forced from the latter throu h the pipe 14, shell 58, pipe 60, shell 68 am? out through pipe 71. The air for evaporating the moisture on the sheathings 24 in the shell 10 is thus caused to traverse, befjore entering this shell, the

tubes 67 wherein it -is subjected to the relatively cool air passing through the shell 68 whereby the air for evaporating 4the moisture as stated is pre-cooled, and after it has passed through the shell 1'0 and therein effected the evaporation `of the moisture for u the cooling purpose,

it is passed through the shell 5,8 wherein itoperates tocool the pipes pipes 61, lreceptacle 15,

61 andconsequently the air drawnfrom the room 48 and in its passage to the main cooler of which the shell 10 is a part. Thus, by the arrangement shown,'t he cooling effect of the air after leaving lthe shell 10, is utilized to the maximum degree in the cooling of the forced into the room 48 through the ducty 51, is taken in wholly through the pipe 73, thereby not only effecting ventilation of the room 48 but also supplying air in cooled condition thereto.

It is sometimes desirable, as for example where the atmosphere is comparatively dry, tomoisten the air discharged into the space 48, to canse it to present a greater degree of humidity than the atmosphere, and to this endthe damper-equipped passage l72 connecting the pipe .14 and the pipe 51 is provided. To increase the humidity of the air discharged-into the space v48, the damper 72a is opened to a degree depending upon the. amount of humidity desired, the opening of this damper permitting of the pas`- sage from the shell 10 of a part of the air discharging from the shell 10 in moist condition, into the pipe 5l wherein it commingles with the air which hasbeen cooled by passing through the conduits 21 and thenV passes into the space 48.

In order to avoid clogging of the pipe 5l, by the accumulation of water therein condensing in the pipes 21 where the air discharging therethrough contains moisture, I provide a valve-equipped draw-oif pipe communicating with the pipe 51.

While I have illustrated and described a particular construction of apparatus for practicing my improved method, IV do not wish to be understood as intending to limit my invention to the use of such apparatus. Furthermore as regards my invention, in so far as it relates to apparatus, I do not wish to be understood as intending to limit it to the' particular construction shown nor tol and desire to secure of a conduit for the passage therethrough of a substance to be cooled, means for causing air to flow into contact with moisture for cooling the substance by the evaporation of said moisture, and means for causing the air after it has been cooled by contact with the moisture, 'to exert a cooling effect on the substance before the subjection of the latter to the cooling effect of the evaporating moisture.

2. Inv coolin apparatus', the combination of a'conduit go of a substance to' be cooled, means for causing air to iow into contact with moisture for cooling the substance by the evaporation Y ofsaid moisture, and means for causingthe the exterior surfaces o the stub-tubes of the said secon air after it has been cooled b contact with the moisture, to exert a coo ing effect' on the substance before the subjection of' the latter to the cooling effect of the evaporating moisture and on the air before the latterV contacts with the moisture.

3. Cooling apparatus comprising a shell .having anlnlet and an outlet, a series of stub-tubes opening at their lower ends through the lower wall of said shell and at theirupper ends into the interior of said shell, a second series of stub-tubes openin at their lower ends into said shell throug the up er wall thereof and open at their upper en s, pipes located within said shell and extending at their upper ends in the stubtubes of the said second series thereof, said irst-referredto stub tubes and the lower ends of said tubes having telescoped relation, and moisture-absorbing material located at said tubes.

4. Cooling apparatus comprising a shell having an inlet. and an outlet, a series of stub-tubes o ening at their lower ends through the ower wall of said shell and at their. upper ends into the interior of said shell, a second series of stub-tubes opening at their lower ends into said shell throug 'the upper wall thereof and open at their upper ends, pipes located within said shell and extending at their upger ends in series thereof, said first-referred-to stub-tubes and the lower ends of said tubes having telescoped relation, moisture-absorbing'material located at the exterior surfaces of said tubes, and a receptacle for liquid into which said second series of stub-tubes extend.

5. The combination with a.room to be cooled, of means for effecting a flow of air into `the room, means for subjecting the air before its introduction into the room, to the cooling eiect of water evaporated by air l. 6. e combinationv flowin -in contact therewith, and means for prelimlnarily coolin the air for introduc-v tion into thel room, y subjectin it to the cooling effectv o f the air employe for. vevaporat the wateri Y with a roomv `.t0 be r the passage therethrough-` `tion into the room,

cooled, of means for eiecting a flow of =air into the room, means for subjecting the air before its introduction into the room, to the after contacting. with the'water to evaporate it, is caused togdow into the 7. The combination. wah afoom a be l cooled, of means for effecting afdiowof air into 'the room, means for subjecting the air before its introduction into the room, to the cooling effect of Water. evaporatedby .air

liowing in Contact therewith, and means whereby air after contacting with the`.water to evaporate it, is caused to flow i n"to the room, said last-named means being adjustable to vary the flow of moist air into the room.

8. The method of cooling a substance which consists in subjecting the substance toy the cooling action of liquid eva rated 'by contact wlth air and preliminarily cooling the substance by subjecting it to the cooling effect .of the air after contacting the latter 'with the liquid.

9. The method of cooling a substance which consists in subjecting the substance to 'the cooling action of water evaporated by contact with air and preliminarily cooling the substance by contacting itjwith the air atter contacting the latter with the liquid.

10. The method of cooling a substance which consists in subjecting the substance to the cooling action of liquid evaporated by contact ywith air and preliminarily cooling the substance and cooling the air preliminary to i-ts contact with the liquid, by

subjecting the substance and the air to the cooling eiect of the air after contacting the latter with the liquid.

11.-'The method of cooling a 's ubstance which consists in passing the substanceff through a conduit and subjecting the substance to the cooling action ofliquid evaporated by contact with air and preliminarily cooling the substance and cooling the air preliminary to its contact with the liquid, by

subjecting :the substance and the air to the cooling e'ect of the air after contacting the latter with the li uid. 12. The meth of cooling a room which consists in subjecting the air, to be'intr duced into the room, to the coolin action of .liquid eva orated by contact wit air and preliminanly coolin the air, for introducy subjecting it to the` cooling elect of the air, employed for evapo rating the liquid, and after contacting .it: with the liqui l 13. The method of cooling a. room which consists in subjecting theair, for introduc- -tion into the room .to the`cooling action of water evaporated* y contact with air and 'Prelimmmly .mnath air, .for introdue.

l0 ployed for eva comme 5 consists in subjecting the air, for introduc- Y Ition into the room, to the cooling action of v liquid evaporated by contact with cir and preliminarily cooling the air, for introduction into the ro'om, and 'coolin the air emrating the liquid and before contacting wit the liquid, by subjecting the air for both purposes to the cooling eect of the air, employedfon evaporatin the li uid, aftercontacting this gir with t e li ui 15. The method of cooling and humi ify-` ing a substance which consists in cooling 'the su stance by subjecting it to the coolingeffcc-t of liquid evaporated by a flowing current of air and commingling with the substancel thus cooled 'a portion, at least, of the ail;l moistened by the evaporation of the liqu1 PETER D. IPAULS.' 

